They might, for example, incorporate performing objects such as torn paper for snow, or a sign board with words as narrative devices within a production. Puppetry by its nature is a flexible and inventive medium and many puppet companies work with combinations of puppet forms and incorporate real objects into their performances. The art of puppetry called Bommalattam is mentioned in Tamil literature Silappadikaram, which is written around 2nd century B.C. Excavation of clay dolls from Indus valley sites serve as an indication. In India, puppetry was practiced from ancient times and is known by different names in different parts of the country. Īristotle (384–322 BC) discusses puppets in his work On the Motion of Animals. The Greek word translated as "puppet" is "νευρόσπαστος" ( nevrospastos), which literally means "drawn by strings, string-pulling", from "νεῦρον" ( nevron), meaning either "sinew, tendon, muscle, string", or "wire", and "σπάω" ( spaō), meaning "draw, pull". Puppetry was practiced in Ancient Greece and the oldest written records of puppetry can be found in the works of Herodotus and Xenophon, dating from the 5th century BC. Carnival puppets are large puppets, typically bigger than a human, designed to be part of a large spectacle or parade. A ventriloquist's dummy is a human-shaped puppet operated by a ventriloquist performer's hand the performer produces the puppets voice with little or no movement of her mouth, which creates the illusion that the puppet is alive. A shadow puppet is a cut-out figure held between a source of light and a translucent screen. Bunraku puppetsare a type of Japanese wood-carved puppet. A Marionette is a much more complicated type of puppet that is suspended and controlled by a number of strings connected to the head, back and limbs, plus sometimes a central rod attached to a control bar held from above by the puppeteer.Ī rod puppet is constructed around a central rod secured to the head. A "live-hand puppet" is similar to a hand puppet but is larger and requires two puppeteers for each puppet. Two simple types of puppets are the finger puppet, which is a tiny puppet that fits onto a single finger, and the sock puppet, which is formed and operated by inserting one's hand inside a sock, with the opening and closing of the hand simulating the movement of the puppet's "mouth." The sock puppet is a type of hand puppet, which is controlled using one hand that occupies the interior of the puppet and moves the puppet around. They range from very simple in construction and operation to very complex. There are many different varieties of puppets, and they are made from a wide range of materials, depending on their form and intended use. The actions, gestures and spoken parts acted out by the puppeteer with the puppet are typically used in storytelling. Puppetry is a very ancient form of theatre which dates back to the 5th century BC in Ancient Greece. The puppeteer often speaks in the voice of the character of the puppet, and then synchronizes the movements of the puppet's mouth with this spoken part. The puppeteer uses movements of their hands, arms, or control devices such as rods or strings to move the body, head, limbs, and in some cases the mouth and eyes of the puppet. A puppet is an object, often resembling a human, animal or mythical figure, that is animated or manipulated by a person called a puppeteer.
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